Real estate investment is an attractive venture for newer investors looking to build wealth and secure their financial future. Among the various investment options, multi-family properties stand out as a compelling choice. In this blog, we’ll explore the differences between small multi-family (2-4 units) and large multi-family (5 units and above) properties. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for evaluating the investment potential and making informed decisions.
Small Multi-Family (2-4 units):
Small multi-family properties are residential buildings with 2 to 4 units, such as duplexes, triplexes, and fourplexes. These properties are often treated similarly to single-family homes in terms of valuation. The primary method used to determine their market value is through comparable sales, also known as “comps.” Here’s how it works:
Comparable Sales Method:
Real estate appraisers and investors analyze recent sales of similar properties in the same neighborhood to determine a fair market value. The evaluation process for these two types of properties varies significantly. Small multi-family properties, like single-family homes, are typically assessed using the comparable sales approach. This method involves comparing the property’s features, location, and size with recent sales of similar properties to determine its market value.
In contrast, large multi-family properties are evaluated based on their Net Operating Income (NOI). NOI is calculated by deducting all operating expenses (excluding debt service) from the gross rental income. The property’s value is then determined using the capitalization rate (cap rate) prevalent in the market at that time.
Financing Options for Small Multi-Family:
As a newer real estate investor looking into small multi-family properties, you have several financing options to consider. Perhaps the best option is to House Hack. Live in the property as you make improvements. Some popular choices include:
1. Conventional Owner-Occupied Mortgage:
If you plan to live in one of the units as your primary residence, you can secure a conventional owner-occupied mortgage. These loans typically require 5-20% down. The more you put down the cheaper the loan becomes with interest rates and private mortgage insurance.
2. Investor Conventional Mortgage:
Investor Conventional Mortgage: For investors intending to rent out all units, an investor conventional mortgage is available. Although the down payment and interest rates might be slightly higher than owner-occupied loans, this option still offers reasonable terms as they are backed by Freddie and Fannie Mae. These loans are required to be on your credit report and you need to be eligible income-wise for these loans.
An alternative to this loan is a DSCR loan. Specifically, for nonowner-occupied investment properties. These tend to be higher rates and are created by private lending companies, not your standard financial institution. It is one great way to be able to grow a portfolio.
3. FHA Mortgage:
If you’re a first-time investor with limited funds for a down payment, an FHA loan might be a great option. It allows a lower down payment (typically 3.5%), making it more accessible for individuals starting their real estate journey. However, FHA loans might come with mortgage insurance premiums. These loans have better interest rates and easier qualification requirements.
Benefits of Residential Financing for Small Multi-Family:
One significant advantage of using residential financing for small multi-family properties is the favorable interest rates and terms. Residential loans generally have lower interest rates than commercial loans, potentially saving you money over the loan term. Moreover, the down payment requirements for residential loans are often more manageable, especially for owner-occupied properties.
Large Multi-Family (5+ units):
Large multi-family properties are considered commercial real estate due to their size and intended use for generating rental income. These properties, with five or more units, are evaluated differently from small multi-family properties. The primary method for determining their value is the Net Operating Income (NOI) approach.
1. Net Operating Income (NOI) Method:
The property’s value is based on its potential income generation in the NOI approach. To calculate NOI, you subtract all operating expenses (property management, utilities, insurance, property taxes, etc.) from the total rental income. The result is the property’s net cash flow before considering any debt service (mortgage).
Financing Options for Large Multi-Family:
When investing in large multi-family properties, financing options vary. Some common choices include:
- Commercial Mortgages:
Commercial mortgages are specifically designed for financing income-generating properties. They typically have longer terms, higher interest rates, and require larger down payments compared to residential loans. However, they offer the advantage of financing larger projects.
- Syndication:
Another option for funding large multi-family properties is syndication. This involves pooling funds from multiple investors to acquire the property collectively. Syndication can be an effective way to access more substantial properties without carrying the full financial burden.
Benefits of Commercial Financing for Large Multi-Family:
While commercial financing may have higher upfront costs, it provides more flexibility and scalability for larger investments. Additionally, commercial properties tend to have higher income potential, making them attractive to seasoned investors seeking greater returns.
In conclusion, understanding the differences between small and large multi-family properties is crucial for newer real estate investors. Whether you opt for a 2-4 unit property with residential financing or venture into larger multi-family investments with commercial financing, your decision should align with your financial goals, risk tolerance, and long-term investment strategy. Remember, real estate investing requires thorough research and due diligence, so take the time to educate yourself and seek advice from experienced investors or professionals before making any decisions. Happy investing!
